1.Mark Krutov, Sergei Dobrynin, Andrei Soshnikov, and Systema, “That Time Putin Visited a St. Petersburg Strip Club as Russia Waged War in Chechnya,” RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty, December 29, 2023.
2.Leigh Mcmanus, “Putin Visited ‘Explicit Striptease’ as He Watched ‘Raunchy Show’ with ‘Interest,’” Daily Star, December 29, 2023.
3.Mark Franchetti, “Yeltsin Slinks from Stage with an Immunity Deal,” Sunday Times, January 2, 2000.
4.Danny Leigh, “Profiling Putin: Why a New Documentary Could Enrage the Kremlin,” Financial Times, March 22, 2020.
5.Lee Ferran, “How Russia’s Answer to James Bond Helped Propel Vladimir Putin,” Code and Dagger, August 28, 2017.
6.Ferran, “How Russia’s Answer to James.”
7.Ian Traynor, “Putin Admits Yeltsin Quit to Give Him a Head Start,” Guardian, January 6, 2000.
8.Traynor, “Putin Admits Yeltsin Quit.”
9.Boris Yeltsin, “Statement by Boris,” The Kremlin, December 31, 1999, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/24080.
10.Ben Judah, “The Ruthlessness of Vladimir Putin: How the Russian Leader Keeps His Grip on Power,” New Statesman, October 9, 2015.
11.“I Am Putin’s Witness ‘If Something Happens to Me, It Will Not Be an Accidental Death,’” The Times, August 11, 2018.
12.“President Putin?” The Nation, January 24, 2000.
13.“Putin Takes over as Yeltsin Resigns,” On This Day, bbc News, December 31, 1999.
14.Traynor, “Putin Admits Yeltsin Quit.”
15.“I Am Putin’s Witness.”
16.Judah, “The Ruthlessness of Vladimir Putin.”
17.Vladimir Putin, “New Year Address by Acting President Vladimir Putin,” The Kremlin, December 31, 1999, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/22280.
18.18 Stephen Benedict Dyson, “Drawing Policy Implications from the ‘Operational Code’ of a ‘New’ Political Actor: Russian President Vladimir Putin,” Policy Sciences 34.3/4 (2001): 332.
19.Anders Åslund, “Russia’s Neo‐Feudal Economy,” Jewish Policy Center, Fall 2017.
20.“Putin Takes over as Yeltsin Resigns,” On This Day, bbc News.
21.“Vlad the Paler,” Maclean’s, February 8, 2010.
22.“Putin Takes over as Yeltsin Resigns.”
23.Giles Whittell, “Stooge? No, This Is the Man to Push Putin Aside; Comment,” The Times, January 2, 2008.
24.Rouben Azizian, “Russia’s Staged Democracy,” New Zealand International Review 25.2 (2000): 2–5.
25.David Remnick, “Deep in the Woods,” The New Yorker, July 30, 2001.
26.Brian Whitmore, “The Untouchables and the Expendables,” The Power Vertical, RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty, April 2, 2015.
27.“Very like a Bear,” The Economist, December 25, 1999.
28.Remnick, “Deep in the Woods.”
29.“Putin the Great Unknown,” The Economist, January 8, 2000.
30.Alice Lagnado, “Putin Tells of Sad Farewell for Yeltsin,” The Times, January 5, 2000.
31.Owen Matthews, “The Top Secret Family Life of Vladimir Putin; Putin’s Wife and Daughters Have Been Deleted from History,” Newsweek, August 29, 2014.
32.“Happy New Year?” Russian Life, January 2000.
33.Franchetti, “Yeltsin Slinks from Stage with an Immunity Deal.”
34.Geoffrey York, “Yelstin Quits: ‘I Did All I Could’: The Successor: Ex‐spy Vladimir Putin’s Carefully Shaped Image Masks a Murky Past,” Globe and Mail, January 1, 2000.
35.“Dealing with Mr Putin,” Financial Times, January 3, 2000, 16.
36.York, “Yelstin Quits.”
37.Boris Fyodorov, “Who Is Putin? Excerpts from Frontline Interviews,” pbs, May 9, 2000.
38.William Safire, “Essay; Putinism Looms,” New York Times, January 31, 2000.
39.“Yeltsin Immunity Suggests a Deal Done with Putin.” Irish Times, January 3, 2000.
40.Traynor, “Putin Admits Yeltsin Quit.”
41.Lagnado, “Putin Tells of Sad Farewell for Yeltsin.”
42.James Meek, “Yeltsin enjoys life in the slow lane: Former leader revels in pomp and praise on his visit to the Holy Land,” Guardian, January 7, 2000.
43.Rama Sampath Kumar, “President Putin: Good Czar or Bad Czar?” Economic and Political Weekly 35.23 (2000).
44.Ben Quinn and Caroline Davies, “Blair Gave Putin Silver Cufflinks for His Birthday, Archives Reveal; Files Show pm Favoured Allowing Putin ‘A Position on the Top Table’ and Encouraging Him to Integrate with West,” Guardian, January 4, 2023.
45.Alec Rasizade, “The Historic Significance of Putin’s Revanchism,” Contemporary Review (Summer 2006), 137+.
46.Jonathan Littell, “War Brought Vladimir Putin to Power in 1999. Now, It Must Bring Him Down; Putin Believed He Could Invade Ukraine Because Everything We Failed to Do Over the Last 22 Years Taught Him That We Are Weak,” Guardian, March 10, 2022.
47.Will Dunn, “Putin Has Embarked on a War He Can’t Stop,” New Statesman, May 6, 2022.
48.David Hoffman, “Putin’s Career Rooted in Russia’s kgb,” Washington Post, January 30, 2000.
49.Lena Smirnova, “Leadership 101: Learning to Talk Like Putin,” Moscow Times, September 6, 2012.
50.Alexei Bayer, “Vladimir Putin’s Suspect Family Lineage,” The Globalist, August 20, 2001.
51.Alex Lupis, “Freedoms Found & Lost: In the 1990s, Russia’s Media Emerged from the Dark Night of Soviet Censorship. Yet, over the Last Six Years, the State Has Been Engineering Mass‐Media Consolidations and Cracking Down on Independent Press Outlets. Is the Future Going Dark for a Free Press in Russia?” Russian Life, January‐February 2007, 28+.
52.Vladimir Bukovsky, “The kgb Settles Down, the West Smiles,” National Post, January 28, 2000, rpt. in EastWest Review, https://www.soviethistorylessons.com/kgb‐settles‐in.
53.Brian Courtis, “Sorting Tsars from Stars,” The Age, April 25, 2006.
54.Laura King, “Super spy or paper pusher? How Putin’s kgb years in East Germany helped shape him,” Los Angeles Times, June 15, 2023.
55.Tobias Grey, “The Wizard of the Kremlin—What Really Drives Putin?” Financial Times, October 7, 2023.
56.Jesse Green, “The Man Who Made Putin,” New York Times, April 23, 2024.
57.Stephen White and Ian McAllister, “Putin and His Supporters,” Europe‐Asia Studies 55.3 (2003): 383–99.
58.King, “Super Spy or Paper Pusher?”
59.Amelia Gentleman, “Comment: The Observer Profile: Vladimir Putin: Vlad the Inheritor: While Boris Yeltsin’s Presidency Lurches from Day to Day, His Prime Minister, the Man Hotly Tipped as His Successor, Can Do No Wrong,” Observer, December 12, 1999.
60.Bill Keller, “The Cry of a Bullied Boy Who Grew Up to Get Even,” The Age, December 28, 2013.
61.Nicholas D. Kristof, “The Poison Puzzle,” New York Times, December 15, 2004.
62.Will Hutton, “Will Hutton: Why I Admire Putin,” Guardian, August 13, 2000.
63.Matthias Schepp, Christian Neef, and Uwe Klußmann, “Russian Journalist Murdered: Is Russia’s Press Freedom Dead?” Der Spiegel, October 20, 2006.
64.Sergiy Gromenko, “When Did Putin ‘Turn’ Evil? That’s Exactly the Wrong Question,” Worldcrunch, August 24, 2023, https://worldcrunch.com/focus/is‐putin‐evil.
65.Gogolak Emilie, “Leningrad,” The New Yorker, December 8, 2014.
66.Alison Smale, “Correspondence/Plus ca Change ...; Russia’s Leaders Are Different. It’s the People Who Are the Same,” New York Times, January 6, 2002.
67.67 Lena Smirnova, “Leadership 101: Learning to Talk Like Putin,” Moscow Times, September 6, 2012.
68.“Yeltsin Immunity Suggests a Deal Done with Putin.”
69.Graeme P. Herd and Ella Akerman, “Russian Strategic Realignment and the Post‐Post‐Cold War Era?” Security Dialogue 33.3 (2002): 357–72.
70.“President Putin?” The Nation, January 24, 2000, 3.
71.Hutton, “Will Hutton: Why I Admire Putin.”
72.“Putin Visits Troops in Chechnya,” cnn, January 1, 2000.
73.Amy Knight, “Finally, We Know about the Moscow Bombings,” New York Review of Books, July 30, 2020.
74.Sergei Kovalev, “Putin’s War,” New York Review of Books, February 10, 2000.
75.Farida Rustamova, “Putin Rules His Nation Like a Psychiatric Ward,” New York Times, May 25, 2022.
76.David Hoffman, “Putin’s Career Rooted in Russia’s kgb,” WashingtonPost.com, January 30, 2000.
77.“West Praises Putin, the Butcher of Grozny,” Socialist Worker, January 6, 2000, https://socialistworker.co.uk/art/36645/West praises Putin, the butcher of Grozny.
78.“Blair Praises ‘Impressive’ Putin,” bbc News, March 12, 2000.
79.Strobe Talbott, The Russia Hand: A Memoir of Presidential Diplomacy (New York: Random House, 2002), 361.
80.Michael R. Gordon, “Washington Bites Its Nails as Russian Votes Are Tallied,” New York Times, March 27, 2000.
81.Peter Rutland, “Putin’s Path to Power,” Post‐Soviet Affairs 16.4 (December 2000): 313–54.
82.“The Day Putin Cried,” bbc News, March 5, 2018.
83.John Sweeney, “How a Grainy Video of a Soviet Lawyer in Bed with Prostitutes Set Putin on Path to Kremlin,” DailyMail.com, July 9, 2022.
84.Richard C. Paddock, “Putin’s Obscure Path from kgb to Kremlin,” Los Angeles Times, March 19, 2000.
85.Ariel Cohen, “The Rise of Putin: What It Means for the Future of Russia,” The Heritage Foundation, March 28, 2000, https://www.heritage.org/europe/report/the‐rise‐putin‐what‐it‐means‐the‐future‐russia.
86.Giles Whittell, “Putin Lines up Old kgb Pals to Run Kremlin.” The Times, February 14, 2000.
87.Laurent Murawiec and Clifford G. Gaddy, “The Higher Police: Vladimir Putin and His Predecessors,” The National Interest 67 (2002): 29–36.
88.Ian Traynor, “Blair Courts Outrage with Putin Visit,” Guardian, March 11, 2000.
89.Celestine Bohlen, “Russian Chief Meets Blair; Rules Out Chechnya Talks,” New York Times, March 12, 2000.
90.“What Putin Wrought Has World Asking What Russia Might Have Been—News for the Oil and Gas Sector,” Bloomberg, September 29, 2014, https://www.energyvoice.com/oilandgas/europe/65635/putin‐wrought‐world‐asking‐russia‐might/.
91.Peter Aspden, “A diplomatic figleaf for the Parthenon Marbles,” FT.com, December 13, 2014, 14.
92.John Lloyd, “The Logic of Vladimir Putin,” New York Times Magazine, March 19, 2000.
93.Murawiec and Gaddy, “The Higher Police.”
94.Cohen, “The Rise of Putin.”
95.Vladimir Gel’man, “The Dictatorship of Law in Russia: Neither Dictatorship, Nor Rule of Law,” ponars Policy Memo 146, October 2000, https://csis‐website‐prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs‐public/legacy_files/files/media/csis/pubs/pm_0146.pdf.
96.“Russia’s Putin Puzzle,” The Economist, vol. 354, no. 8160, March4, 2000.
97.Nina Tumarkin, “Russia’s Moral Rearmament,” Wilson Quarterly 24.2 (2000): 48–49.
98.Solomon Volkov, “Putin’s Pursuit of the National Idea,” New York Times, February 14, 2002.
99.Seamus Martin, “Putin Lands in Grozny to Lift Image,” Irish Times, March 21, 2000.
100.“Acting President Vladimir Putin Arrived in Grozny,” The Kremlin, March 17, 2000, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/page/1203.
101.Martin, “Putin Lands in Grozny.”
102.Anton Troianovskirimmed, “Russia’s Rebound: How Putin Became a Worldwide Brand,” Washington Post, July 12, 2018.
103.“Russian Election Campaign Winds Down,” cbc News, March 27, 2000.
104.“Putin Receives 52.5 Percent of the Vote, Is Declared Winner of Russian Presidential Election,” cnn, March 27, 2000.
105.John Lloyd, “The Logic of Vladimir Putin,” New York Times Magazine, March 19, 2000.
106.Tony Halpin, “Lorry takes sweat out of a trip to the sauna,” The Times, April 12, 2008.
107.Ethan Pollock, “‘Real Men Go to the Bania’: Postwar Soviet Masculinities and the Bathhouse,” Kritika 11.1 (2010): 47+.
108.Celestine Bohlen, “Backing a Tough Man in Tumultuous Times,” New York Times, March 27, 2000.
109.“Putin Receives 52.5 Percent of the Vote.”
110.Michael Wines, “Putin Narrowly Wins Russian Election in the First Round,” New York Times, March 27, 2000.
111.“Deaths in Moscow; Russian political murders,” The Economist, January 24, 2009.
112.“Backgrounder on the Case of Kheda Kungaeva,” Human Rights Watch, https://www.hrw.org/legacy/backgrounder/eca/chech‐bck0226.pdf.
113.Luke Harding, “Human Rights Lawyer Murdered in Moscow,” Guardian, January 20, 2009.
114.Hassan Abbas, “Stricken Family Departs Russia,” North Caucasus Weekly 4.32, Jamestown.org, September 4, 2003.
115.Catherine Belton, “Putin Wins, Promises No Miracles,” Moscow Times, February 18, 2008.
116.“Putin Receives 52.5 Percent of the Vote,” cnn, March 27, 2000.